{"id":643,"date":"2009-05-17T16:11:29","date_gmt":"2009-05-17T08:11:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lex.idv.tw\/?p=643"},"modified":"2012-01-05T18:54:32","modified_gmt":"2012-01-05T10:54:32","slug":"%e5%85%ac%e5%85%b1dna%e8%b3%87%e6%96%99%e5%ba%ab%e8%88%87%e9%9a%b1%e7%a7%81%e6%ac%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lex.idv.tw\/?p=643","title":{"rendered":"\u516c\u5171DNA\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u8207\u96b1\u79c1\u6b0a"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u672c\u6587\u767c\u8868\u65bc\u5168\u570b\u5f8b\u5e2b\u6708\u520a2001\u5e746\u6708\u865f\n\u4e26\u6536\u9304\u65bc\u4e2d\u83ef\u6c11\u570b\u5f8b\u5e2b\u516c\u6703\u5168\u570b\u806f\u5408\u6703\u7de8\u300c\u5f8b\u5e2b\u8207\u4eba\u6b0a\u300d\uff0c2008\u5e749\u6708\u521d\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c163-172\u9801<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u524d\u8a00<\/h3>\n

\u81ea\u897f\u5143\u4e00\u4e5d\u516b\u4e5d\u5e74\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u57fa\u56e0\u7d44\u89e3\u8b80\u8a08\u5283(Human Genome Project)\u958b\u59cb\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u5c55\u958b\uff0c\u96a8\u5f8c\uff0c\u82f1\u3001\u6cd5\u3001\u65e5\u7b49\u5404\u570b\u4e5f\u76f8\u7e7c\u6295\u5165\u4eba\u985e\u57fa\u56e0\u7d44\u89e3\u8b80\u8a08\u5283\u4e4b\u884c\u5217\u3002\u5230\u4e86\u4e8c\uff10\uff10\uff10\u5e74\u516d\u6708\u5341\u516d\u65e5\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u7f8e\u570b\u7e3d\u7d71\u67ef\u6797\u9813\u8207\u82f1\u570b\u9996\u76f8\u5e03\u840a\u723e\uff0c\u5728\u96fb\u8996\u4e0a\u5411\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u5ba3\u5e03\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u57fa\u56e0\u7d44\u5716\u8b5c\u8207\u57fa\u56e0\u5b9a\u5e8f (Human Genome Mapping and Gene Sequencing)\u4e4b\u4eba\u985e\u57fa\u56e0\u7d44\u89e3\u8b80\u8a08\u5283\u4e4b\u521d\u7a3f\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u8a72\u8a08\u5283\u5df2\u63a5\u8fd1\u5168\u90e8\u5b8c\u6210\u4e4b\u968e\u6bb5\u3002\u5728\u897f\u5143\u4e8c\uff10\uff10\u4e09\u5e74\u56db\u6708\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u5168\u90e8\u4e4b\u4eba\u985e\u57fa\u56e0\u7d44\u5716\u8b5c\u8207\u5b9a\u5e8f\u3002\u53f0\u7063\u5728\u9019\u9805\u5049\u5927\u4e4b\u8a08\u5283\u5167\uff0c\u4ea6\u672a\u7f3a\u5e2d\uff0c\u7531\u69ae\u6c11\u7e3d\u91ab\u9662\u8207\u967d\u660e\u5927\u5b78\u6240\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u69ae\u967d\u5718\u968a\uff0c\u5247\u8ca0\u8cac\u8207\u809d\u764c\u6709\u95dc\u4e4b\u4eba\u985e\u7b2c\u56db\u865f\u67d3\u8272\u9ad4 q22-q24\u57fa\u56e0\u4e0a\u4e00\u5343\u4e09\u767e\u842c\u500b\u9e7c\u57fa\u5c0d\u8207\u5341\u516d\u865f\u67d3\u8272\u9ad4\u7684\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u505a\u5b9a\u5e8f[1]<\/sup><\/span><\/a> \u3002<\/p>\n\n

\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u4eba\u985e\u57fa\u56e0\u7d44\u5716\u8b5c\u8207\u5b9a\u5e8f\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8b93\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e86\u89e3\u4eba\u985eDNA(\u5373\u53bb\u6c27\u6838\u91a3\u6838\u9178)\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u62fc\u51fa\u57fa\u56e0\u4ee3\u78bc\u4e4b\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e4b\u6392\u5217\u9806\u5e8f\u800c\u5df2[2]<\/sup><\/span><\/a>\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u9805\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u77e5\u9053\u4e00\u90e8\u542b\u6709\u4e09\u5341\u5104\u500b\u4ee5ATGC\u7b49\u56db\u500b\u5b57\u6bcd\u3001\u6bcf\u4e09\u500b\u5b57\u6bcd\u5beb\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u5b57\u6240\u64b0\u5beb\u4e4b\u539a\u66f8\u5167\uff0c\u5b57\u6bcd\u8207\u5b57\u7684\u6392\u5217\u9806\u5e8f\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5b57\u7d44\u5408\u8d77\u4f86\u4e4b\u6587\u6cd5\u53ca\u5176\u610f\u7fa9\u70ba\u4f55\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u4eba\u9ad4\u5167DNA\u7e3d\u5171\u7d04\u6709\u4e09\u842c\u500b\u57fa\u56e0[3]<\/sup><\/span><\/a>\u4e4b\u529f\u80fd\u53ca\u5176\u5c0d\u65bc\u4eba\u985e\u751f\u7406\u8207\u5fc3\u7406\u4e4b\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u5247\u5c1a\u5f85\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u8981\u5168\u9762\u6027\u4fee\u6539\u9019\u90e8\u66f8\u4e4b\u6587\u5b57\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u57fa\u56e0\u4e4b\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u5b9a\u4f5c\u4e00\u500b\u5f8c\u4ee3\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9084\u9808\u7b49\u5f85\u6f2b\u9577\u7684\u6642\u9593\u3002<\/p>\n

\u96a8\u8457\u57fa\u56e0\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u9032\u6b65\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u9664\u4e86\u5728\u91ab\u7642\u65b9\u9762\u904b\u7528\u57fa\u56e0\u79d1\u6280\u4ee5\u9020\u798f\u4eba\u7fa4\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u5211\u4e8b\u9451\u8b58\u9818\u57df\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u57fa\u56e0\u79d1\u6280\u4e5f\u53d7\u5230\u5ee3\u6cdb\u4e4b\u904b\u7528\u3002\u85c9\u8457 DNA\u4e4b\u6aa2\u6e2c\uff0c\u6cbb\u5b89\u6a5f\u95dc\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u5feb\u9396\u5b9a\u4fb5\u5bb3\u6027\u81ea\u4e3b\u72af\u7f6a\u53ca\u66b4\u529b\u72af\u7f6a\u4e4b\u5acc\u7591\u4eba\uff0c\u4e26\u6392\u9664\u7121\u8f9c\u8005\uff1b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u707d\u96e3\u767c\u751f\u6216\u767c\u73fe\u5c4d\u9ad4\u5f8c\uff0c\u8fa8\u8a8d\u6b7b\u8005\u4e4b\u8eab\u5206\uff1b\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u70ba\u6e96\u78ba\u5730\u78ba\u5b9a\u89aa\u5b50\u4e4b\u8eab\u5206\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4fbf\u6709\u4eba\u5021\u8b70\u5168\u6c11 DNA\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e4b\u8a2d\u7f6e\u3002\u96b1\u85cf\u5728\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u6700\u6df1\u8655\u4e4b\u751f\u7406\u8207\u5fc3\u7406\u65b9\u9762\u4e4b\u79c1\u5bc6\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u9069\u5408\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u7ba1\u7406\uff1f\u5373\u70ba\u672c\u6587\u6240\u6b32\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e4b\u91cd\u9ede\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u500b\u4ebaDNA \u6b0a\u5229\u4e4b\u6b78\u5c6c<\/h3>\n

\u7f8e\u570b Anita L. Allen \u6559\u6388\u5c07\u7576\u4ee3\u751f\u7269\u502b\u7406\u8207\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u4e2d\u4e4b\u96b1\u79c1\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u6709\u4e0b\u5217\u56db\u7a2e\u7bc4\u7587\uff1a1.\u95dc\u65bc\u63a5\u8fd1\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u500b\u4eba\u8cc7\u8a0a\u4e4b\u8cc7\u8a0a\u4e4b\u96b1\u79c1(informational privacy)\uff0c2.\u95dc\u65bc\u63a5\u8fd1\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u500b\u4eba\u8207\u5176\u7a7a\u9593\u4e4b\u8eab\u9ad4\u4e4b\u96b1\u79c1(physical privacy)\uff0c3.\u95dc\u65bc\u653f\u5e9c\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u5e72\u6d89\u500b\u4eba\u9078\u64c7\u4e4b\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6b0a\u4e4b\u96b1\u79c1(decisional privacy)\uff0c4.\u95dc\u65bc\u500b\u4eba\u7279\u6027(\u4f8b\u5982\u8096\u50cf\u3001\u59d3\u540d)\u4e4b\u6240\u6709\u8207\u4f7f\u7528\u4e4b\u8ca1\u7522\u6b0a\u4e4b\u96b1\u79c1(proprietary privacy)[4]<\/sup><\/span><\/a>\u3002\u800c\u8207\u57fa\u56e0\u76f8\u95dc\u9023\u4e4b\u9818\u57df\u5167\u4e4b\u57fa\u56e0\u96b1\u79c1(Genetic Privacy) \uff0c\u5176\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u5728\u65bc\u8cc7\u8a0a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u96b1\u79c1\uff0c\u5373\u6307\u5305\u62ec\u57fa\u56e0\u6e2c\u8a66\u3001\u7be9\u6aa2\u3001\u63a1\u6a23\u8207\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7372\u5f97\u57fa\u56e0\u8cc7\u8a0a\u4e4b\u79d8\u5bc6\u6027\u8207\u533f\u540d\u6027[5]<\/sup><\/span><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u6709\u95dc\u516c\u5171 DNA\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u722d\u8b70\uff0c\u662f\u727d\u6d89\u8cc7\u8a0a\u4e4b\u96b1\u79c1\u8207\u8ca1\u7522\u6b0a\u4e4b\u96b1\u79c1\u7684\u7bc4\u7587\u3002\u5c31\u8cc7\u8a0a\u4e4b\u96b1\u79c1\u7684\u7bc4\u7587\uff0c\u722d\u8ad6\u9ede\u5728\u65bc\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u7684 DNA\u4e0a\u6240\u96b1\u85cf\u4e4b\u907a\u50b3\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u672a\u7d93\u540c\u610f\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u52a0\u4ee5\u53d6\u5f97\u8207\u4f7f\u7528\uff1f\u53d6\u5f97\u8207\u4f7f\u7528\u4e4b\u65b9\u5f0f\u70ba\u4f55\uff1f\u5c31\u8ca1\u7522\u6b0a\u4e4b\u96b1\u79c1\u7684\u7bc4\u7587\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u722d\u8ad6\u9ede\u5728\u65bc\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u4ee5\u53ca\u500b\u4eba\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u500b\u4eba\u9ad4\u5167\u4e4b DNA\u4ee5\u53ca\u5df2\u7d93\u96e2\u958b\u500b\u4eba\u8eab\u9ad4\u4e4b DNA\uff0c\u4eab\u6709\u4f55\u7a2e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u4e4b\u6b0a\u5229\uff1f\u800c\u653f\u5e9c\u5c0d\u65bc\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u7684 DNA\u8981\u80fd\u5408\u6cd5\u53d6\u5f97\u8207\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5176\u524d\u63d0\u9700\u5148\u8996\u500b\u4eba DNA\u6b0a\u5229\u4e4b\u6b78\u5c6c\u800c\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u4e4b DNA\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u5c6c\u65bc\u8ab0\u7684\uff1f\u6709\u8ad6\u8005\u4e3b\u5f35\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u57fa\u56e0\u7d44\u662f\u6211\u5011\u6240\u5171\u540c\u7e7c\u627f\u800c\u4f86\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u96c6\u9ad4\u7684\u8ca1\u7522\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u57fa\u56e0\u8cc7\u8a0a\u662f\u5c6c\u65bc\u516c\u5171\u8ca1(public domain)[6]<\/sup><\/span><\/a>\u3002\u5728\u8a0e\u8ad6\u57fa\u56e0\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u7533\u8acb\u5c08\u5229\u6642\uff0c\u8ad6\u8005\u5e38\u5e38\u5f15\u7528\u4e4b\u4eba\u985e\u5171\u540c\u8ca1\u5bcc(CommonHeritage of Mankind or Humankind )\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u4ea6\u53ef\u505a\u70ba\u501f\u93e1\uff0c\u6240\u8b02\u4eba\u985e\u5171\u540c\u8ca1\u5bcc\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u662f\u570b\u969b\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7684\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u6b64\u4e00\u539f\u5247\u4e43\u57fa\u65bc\u8a8d\u70ba\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\u8cc7\u6e90\u4e43\u662f\u5168\u4eba\u985e\u6240\u5171\u540c\u64c1\u6709\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7981\u6b62\u4efb\u4f55\u570b\u5bb6\u3001\u4efb\u4f55\u4f01\u696d\u6216\u79c1\u4eba\u5c07\u9019\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6e90\u64da\u70ba\u79c1\u6709\uff0c\u800c\u6392\u9664\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u570b\u5bb6\u6216\u79c1\u4eba\u7684\u5229\u7528\u6a5f\u6703[7]<\/sup><\/span><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u65e2\u7136\u90fd\u662f\u651c\u5e36\u5176\u7236\u89aa\u8207\u6bcd\u89aa\u5404\u4e00\u534a\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u6975\u5c11\u6578\u4e4b\u57fa\u56e0\u767c\u751f\u7a81\u8b8a\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u4e9b\u57fa\u56e0\u7a81\u8b8a\u7684\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u4e5f\u6839\u6e90\u65bc\u89aa\u4ee3\u4e4b\u57fa\u56e0\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u73fe\u4ee3\u4eba\u7684\u7269\u7a2e\uff0c\u667a\u4eba(Homo Sapiens)\uff0c\u5f9e\u8ddd\u4eca\u5341\u4e94\u842c\u5e74\u524d[8]<\/sup><\/span><\/a>\u6f14\u5316\u51fa\u4f86\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c31\u5f9e\u7576\u6642\u7684\u5171\u540c\u7956\u5148\u7e41\u884d\u4e0b\u4f86\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u300c\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u9ad4\u5167\u7684 DNA\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5c6c\u65bc\u500b\u4eba\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c6c\u65bc\u5168\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u300d\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5176\u9053\u7406\u3002\u96d6\u7136\uff0cDNA \u5c6c\u65bc\u516c\u5171\u8ca1\u6216\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u5171\u540c\u7684\u8ca1\u7522\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u7b49\u65bc\u662f\u5c6c\u65bc\u570b\u6709\u8ca1\u7522\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u672a\u81fb\u5927\u540c\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5883\u5730\u6642\uff0c\u5728\u9632\u6b62\u72af\u7f6a\u53ca\u589e\u9032\u5168\u6c11\u91ab\u7642\u798f\u7949\u4e4b\u5229\u76ca\u8003\u91cf\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c31\u5148\u7531\u570b\u5bb6\u5728\u5408\u7406\u4e4b\u7bc4\u570d\u5167\uff0c\u4f86\u638c\u63e1\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u7684DNA\u907a\u50b3\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4e3b\u5f35\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u4e4b DNA\u662f\u5c6c\u65bc\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u81ea\u5df1\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u898b\u89e3\uff0c\u5247\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c DNA\u662f\u4eba\u9ad4\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5176\u4e0a\u6240\u8caf\u5b58\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u53ca\u5176\u96b1\u85cf\u4e4b\u907a\u50b3\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u662f\u5f62\u6210\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u5916\u8c8c\u3001\u6027\u683c\u7b49\u751f\u7406\u8207\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0a\u7279\u6027\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u56e0\u5b50\u3001\u4e5f\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e86\u672a\u4f86\u7f79\u60a3\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u50be\u5411\u3002\u6709\u8ad6\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7d44\u662f\u6211\u7684\u8ca1\u7522\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u7121\u6b0a\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u548c\u8ab0\u5206\u4eab\u6211\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7d44\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u4e5f\u7121\u6b0a\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6211\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u53bb\u9032\u884c\u9019\u4e9b\u6e2c\u8a66\uff0c\u6211\u624d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u6709\u6b0a\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7684\u4eba\uff1b\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u57fa\u56e0\u5bc6\u78bc\u662f\u4f60\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u8981\u6c38\u9060\u8a18\u5f97\u9019\u4e00\u9ede[9]<\/sup><\/span><\/a>\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u7684 DNA\u5c31\u662f\u5c6c\u65bc\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u672a\u7d93\u4e8b\u524d\u4e4b\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u4efb\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u6216\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u64c5\u81ea\u5229\u7528\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u81f3\u65bc\uff0c\u57fa\u56e0\u96b1\u79c1\u6d89\u53ca\u65bc\u8cc7\u8a0a\u4e4b\u96b1\u79c1\u4e4b\u7bc4\u7587\u8005\uff0c\u5247\u591a\u662f\u5728\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u4f55\u4eba\u61c9\u7d93\u7531\u4f55\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u4f7f\u7528\u516c\u5171 DNA\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5167\u4e4b\u4f55\u7a2e\u57fa\u56e0\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e4b\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u61c9\u4ee5\u4f55\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u7ba1\u7406\u4ee5\u505a\u9632\u7bc4\u7b49\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u516c\u5171DNA\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u8a2d\u7f6e\u4e4b\u722d\u8b70<\/h3>\n

(\u4e00)\u5404\u570b\u73fe\u6cc1<\/h4>\n

1.\u8a2d\u7f6e\u5168\u6c11DNA\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e4b\u570b\u5bb6<\/p>\n

\u51b0\u5cf6\uff0c\u5728\u897f\u5143\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e5d\u516b\u5e74\u5341\u4e8c\u6708\u5341\u4e03\u65e5\uff0c\u7531\u570b\u6703\u901a\u904e\u5efa\u7acb\u5168\u570b\u91ab\u7642\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002\u8a72\u9805\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6388\u6b0a\u885b\u751f\u90e8\u9577\u5f97\u767c\u7d66\u7279\u8a31\u57f7\u7167\uff0c\u7531\u79c1\u4eba\u5efa\u7acb\u4e26\u7d93\u71df\u91ab\u7642\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u5132\u5b58\u5168\u570b\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u5316\u91ab\u7642\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u9019\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u5168\u570b\u4eba\u6c11\u4e4b\u57fa\u56e0\u8cc7\u8a0a[10]<\/sup><\/span><\/a>\u3002\u9019\u662f\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5efa\u7acb\u5168\u6c11 DNA\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u3002\u51b0\u5cf6\u5efa\u7acb\u96c6\u4e2d\u5316\u7684\u5168\u570b\u91ab\u7642\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u662f\u8457\u773c\u65bc\u4ee5\u4e0b\u512a\u9ede\uff1a\u7372\u5f97\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u77e5\u8b58\u958b\u767c\u85e5\u7269\u8207\u7642\u6cd5\u3001\u589e\u9032\u75be\u75c5\u9810\u9632\u3001\u5f37\u5316\u51b0\u5cf6\u91ab\u7642\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u6210\u672c\u5206\u6790\u8207\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u964d\u4f4e\u570b\u5bb6\u91ab\u7642\u652f\u51fa\u3001\u5275\u9020\u9ad8\u79d1\u6280\u5c31\u696d\u6a5f\u6703\u3001\u5438\u5f15\u4eba\u624d\u56de\u6d41\u3001\u4fc3\u9032\u51b0\u5cf6\u91ab\u85e5\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u570b\u969b\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u6709\u6b0a\u8acb\u6c42\u5c07\u500b\u4eba\u8cc7\u6599\u6392\u9664\u8f38\u5165\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6240\u6709\u8f38\u5165\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u8cc7\u6599\u5c07\u6703\u55ae\u5411\u7de8\u78bc\u52a0\u5bc6\u8655\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u7121\u6cd5\u4ee5\u89e3\u78bc\u65b9\u5f0f\u8ffd\u6eaf\u6307\u8a8d\u500b\u4eba[11]<\/sup><\/span><\/a> \u3002\u5176\u5f8c\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u4e5f\u958b\u59cb\u8a08\u756b\u8a2d\u7acb\u5168\u570b\u6027\u7684 DNA\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab[12]<\/sup><\/span><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/a>\n2.\u50c5\u8a2d\u7f6e\u9451\u8b58\u6027\u516c\u5171DNA\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e4b\u570b\u5bb6<\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u570b\u5404\u5dde\u90fd\u6709\u7acb\u6cd5\u8a2d\u7f6e\u5211\u4e8b\u9451\u8b58\u6027 DNA\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u5c0d\u8c61\u5927\u90fd\u662f\u9650\u65bc\u7279\u5b9a\u4e4b\u5211\u4e8b\u72af\u7f6a\u8005\uff0c\u5373\u6027\u66b4\u529b\u72af\u7f6a\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u66b4\u529b\u91cd\u7f6a\u8005[13]<\/sup><\/span><\/a>\u3002\u4f9d\u7f8e\u570b\u53f8\u6cd5\u7d71\u8a08\u5c40\uff08Bureau ofJustice Statistics) \u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u516b\u4e09\u5e74\u6240\u7d71\u8a08\u4e4b\u72af\u7f6a\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u5f37\u66b4\u72af\u51fa\u7344\u5f8c\u518d\u72af\u5f37\u66b4\u7f6a\u8005\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u72af\u7f6a\u8005\u51fa\u7344\u5f8c\u72af\u5f37\u66b4\u7f6a\u8005\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u518d\u72af\u7387\u662f\u9ad8\u65bc\u5f8c\u8005\u4e4b\u5341\u9ede\u4e94\u500d\uff1b\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u66b4\u529b\u7f6a\u8005\u4e5f\u986f\u793a\u51fa\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e4b\u518d\u72af\u7387[14]<\/sup><\/span><\/a>\u3002\u800c\u66b4\u529b\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6027\u66b4\u529b\u72af\u7f6a\u8005\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u9069\u5408\u4ee5 DNA\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4f86\u6bd4\u5c0d\u72af\u7f6a\u5acc\u7591\u4eba\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u7d71\u8a08\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u7f8e\u570b\u5404\u5dde\u7acb\u6cd5\u8a2d\u7f6e\u5211\u4e8b\u9451\u8b58\u6027DNA\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5805\u5be6\u800c\u6709\u6548\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u3002<\/p><\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u7f8e\u570b\u4e4b\u52a0\u5dde\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u8a72\u5dde\u5c07\u7d93\u5224\u6c7a\u72af\u6709\u59a8\u5bb3\u6027\u81ea\u4e3b\u72af\u7f6a\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u66b4\u529b\u91cd\u7f6a\u8005\uff0c\u4e14\u9084\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u822c\u5bb6\u5ead\u66b4\u529b\u4e4b\u72af\u7f6a(Felony spousal abuse)\u3001\u5c0d\u65bc\u7279\u5b9a\u5c0d\u8c61\uff08\u5982\u516c\u52d9\u54e1\u7b49\uff09\u4e4b\u50b7\u5bb3\u7f6a\u7b49[15]<\/sup><\/span><\/a>\u7d0d\u5165\u5211\u4e8b\u9451\u8b58\u6027 DNA\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e4b\u5f37\u5236\u63a1\u6a23\u5c0d\u8c61\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u63a1\u96c6\u5176\u8840\u6db2\u53ca\u553e\u6db2\u6a23\u672c\u4e4b\u65b9\u5f0f\u70ba\u4e4b\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u4e4b\u5357\u9054\u67ef\u5854\u5dde(SOUTH DAKOTA)\uff0c\u66f4\u5c07\u6240\u6709\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u72af\u7f6a\uff08\u53ea\u8981\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u66b4\u529b\u5c31\u7b97\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6436\u596a\u7f6a\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u50b7\u5bb3\u7f6a\u3001\u653e\u706b\u7f6a\uff09\u53ca\u6709\u651c\u5e36\u6b66\u5668\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u7206\u70b8\u6bc0\u6ec5\u6027\u7269\u54c1\u4e4b\u72af\u7f6a\u8005\uff0c\u90fd\u5217\u5165\u5f37\u5236\u63a1\u6a23\u5c0d\u8c61\u4e4b\u7bc4\u570d[16]<\/sup><\/span><\/a>\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u4e4b\u516c\u5171 DNA\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5404\u5dde\u6240\u8a2d\u7f6e\u4e4b\u5211\u4e8b\u9451\u8b58\u6027 DNA\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u9632\u90e8\u70ba\u4e86\u8fa8\u8b58\u5931\u8e64\u8ecd\u4eba\u5c4d\u9ad4\u4e4b\u7528\u9014\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u6c42\u6240\u6709\u8ecd\u8077\u4eba\u54e1\u5728\u5165\u4f0d\u4e4b\u969b\u63d0\u4f9b\u8840\u6db2\u53ca\u553e\u6db2\u6a23\u672c\uff0c\u8caf\u5b58\u65bc\u8ecd\u65b9\u4e4b\u9451\u8b58\u6027DNA\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u82f1\u570b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e4b\u898f\u5b9a\uff0c\u5247\u5c6c\u975e\u5e38\u5bec\u9b06\u8005\uff0c\u4f9d\u64da\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e5d\u56db\u5e74\u4e4b\u72af\u7f6a\u6b63\u7fa9\u53ca\u516c\u5171\u5236\u5e8f\u6cd5(Criminal Justice and Public Order Act of 1994\uff09\u7b2c\u4e94\u5341\u4e94\u689d(Section 55)\u4e4b\u898f\u5b9a\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u88ab\u6307\u63a7\u72af\u6709\u53ef\u8a18\u9304\u4e4b\u72af\u7f6a(recordable offense)\u8005\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u8b66\u65b9\u5c31\u6709\u6b0a\u5f37\u5236\u9015\u884c\u63a1\u53d6\u5176”nonintimate samples”\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u982d\u9aee\u3001\u553e\u6db2\uff0c\u505a\u70ba\u5176 DNA\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e4b\u6a23\u672c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e0d\u9650\u65bc\u7d93\u6cd5\u9662\u5224\u6c7a\u6709\u7f6a\u8005\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u72af\u7f6a\u5acc\u7591\u4eba\u4ea6\u53ef\u4e88\u4ee5\u5f37\u5236\u63a1\u6a23\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u4e00\u4f86\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u8b66\u65b9\u5c07\u80fd\u5f37\u5236\u63a1\u53d6\u4efb\u4f55\u5211\u4e8b\u72af\u7f6a\u8005\u53ca\u72af\u7f6a\u5acc\u7591\u4eba\u4e4b DNA\u6a23\u672c\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u5176\u662f\u5426\u662f\u6027\u72af\u7f6a\u6216\u66b4\u529b\u72af\u7f6a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b50\u6d32\u5404\u570b\uff0c\u4e5f\u76f8\u7e7c\u7acb\u6cd5\u8a2d\u7f6e\u5211\u4e8b\u9451\u8b58\u6027DNA\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u9664\u82f1\u570b\u958b\u98a8\u6c23\u4e4b\u5148\u6cb3\u4ee5\u5916\u5176\u4ed6\u5982\u8377\u862d(\u8a2d\u7f6e\u5e74\u4efd\uff1a1997\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u540c)\u3001\u5967\u5730\u5229(1997)\u3001\u5fb7\u570b(1998)\u3001\u82ac\u862d (1998)\u3001\u6cd5\u570b(1998)\u3001\u632a\u5a01(1999)\u3001\u4e39\u9ea5(2000)\u3001\u745e\u5178(2000)\u3001\u745e\u58eb(2000)\u7b49\u570b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5df2\u8a2d\u7f6e\u5211\u4e8b\u9451\u8b58\u6027DNA\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\u81f32001\u5e74\u4e09\u6708\u6b62\uff0c\u6bd4\u5229\u6642\u3001\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u3001\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7b49\u570b\u4e5f\u5373\u5c07\u8a2d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5f37\u5236\u63a1\u6a23\u5c0d\u8c61\u6709\u50c5\u4fb7\u9650\u65bc\u7d93\u5224\u8655\u516b\u5e74\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6709\u671f\u5f92\u5211\u4e4b\u7f6a\u72af\uff08\u5982\u8377\u862d\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u6db5\u84cb\u81f3\u89f8\u72af\u6216\u7d93\u5224\u8655\u4e00\u5e74\u6709\u671f\u5f92\u5211\u4e4b\u4efb\u4f55\u7f6a\u540d\u4e4b\u72af\u7f6a\u5acc\u7591\u4eba\u53ca\u88ab\u5b9a\u7f6a\u4e4b\u88ab\u544a\uff08\u5982\u82ac\u862d\uff09[17]<\/sup><\/span><\/a>\u3002<\/p><\/p>\n

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\u672c\u6587\u65bc\u4e09\u4e4b(\u4e8c)<\/a>\u6240\u5f15\u8ff0\u4e00\u4f4d\u8ad6\u8005\u4ee5\u653f\u5e9c\u8981\u6c42\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u4ea4\u51fa\u4e00\u5f35\u5168\u8eab\u7684\u653e\u5927\u88f8\u7167\u4e4b\u6bd4\u55bb\u4e3b\u5f35\u5168\u6c11DNA\u6a94\u6848\u4e4b\u4e0d\u7576\uff0c\u78ba\u5be6\u5c0d\u65bc\u4eba\u5fc3\u5177\u6709\u64bc\u52d5\u529b\uff0c\u96d6\u7136DNA\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u5343\u842c\u500d\u65bc\u88f8\u7167\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u4efdDNA\u6a23\u672c\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u80fd\u660e\u767d\u5176\u96b1\u542b\u4e4b\u907a\u50b3\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u6709\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u58eb\u85c9\u8457\u5c08\u696d\u5100\u5668\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u89e3\u8b80\u3002\u4f55\u6cc1\uff0c\u641c\u96c6\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7684DNA\u6a23\u672c\uff0c\u6bd4\u8d77\u53d6\u5f97\u4ed6\u7684\u5168\u8eab\u88f8\u7167\uff0c\u5be6\u5728\u65b9\u4fbf\u592a\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6191\u8457\u4e00\u6839\u5e36\u8457\u9aee\u6839\u7684\u982d\u9aee\uff0c\u7528\u9910\u904e\u5f8c\u64e6\u904e\u5634\u7684\u885b\u751f\u7d19\u5dfe\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u5f97\u64c1\u6709\u8005\u4e4bDNA\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u9019\u5f9e\u7406\u9aee\u5e97\u7684\u5730\u677f\u3001\u65c5\u9928\u7684\u5e8a\u4e0a\u6216\u6d74\u5ba4\u5167\u3001\u9910\u5ef3\u7b49\u516c\u5171\u5834\u6240\u5167\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u8f15\u6613\u53d6\u5f97\u3002\u91ab\u7642\u9662\u6240\u4e5f\u53ef\u85c9\u8457\u8eab\u9ad4\u6aa2\u67e5\u3001\u62bd\u8840\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d6\u5f97\u75c5\u60a3\u4e4bDNA\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3002\u516c\u5171DNA\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u793e\u6703\u53ef\u85c9\u8457\u76e3\u7763\u8207\u5236\u8861\u4e4b\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e4b\u6feb\u7528\u3002\u91ab\u7642\u9662\u6240\uff08\u4e00\u500b\u6f5b\u5728\u7684\u975e\u516c\u5171DNA\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff09\u672a\u53d6\u5f97\u500b\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e8b\u524d\u7684\u544a\u77e5\u5f8c\u540c\u610f(informed consent)\uff0c\u641c\u96c6\u5176DNA\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u4e88\u4ee5\u89e3\u8b80\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u751a\u81f3\u8b00\u5229\uff1b\u79c1\u4eba\u4e0d\u6cd5\u53d6\u5f97\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e4bDNA\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u800c\u52a0\u4ee5\u6feb\u7528\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u7af6\u9078\u671f\u9593\u5167\uff0c\u85c9\u4ee5\u516c\u958b\u6307\u7a31\u5c0d\u624b\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5728\u4efb\u5167\u7f79\u60a3\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u75f4\u5446\u4e4b\u963f\u8332\u6d77\u9ed8\u75c7\uff09\uff1b\u79c1\u4eba\u8981\u6c42\u76f8\u5c0d\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9bDNA\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u800c\u52a0\u4ee5\u5c90\u8996\uff08\u4fdd\u96aa\u516c\u53f8\u4ee5\u88ab\u4fdd\u96aa\u4eba\u662f\u67d0\u7a2e\u75be\u75c5\u4e4b\u9ad8\u5371\u96aa\u7fa4\u70ba\u800c\u62d2\u4fdd\u3001\u50f1\u4e3b\u85c9\u4ee5\u6392\u65a5\u7279\u5b9a\u4e4b\u61c9\u5fb5\u8005\uff09\u7b49\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u66f4\u503c\u5f97\u6211\u5011\u91cd\u8996\u8207\u9069\u7576\u4e4b\u9632\u7bc4\uff01\n\n\u00a0\n\n<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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